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INDIA GUIDE

India flagCountry Statistics  
Time: GMT+5½
Dialing code: 00 91

Area:

3,287,590 sq km

Elevation:

Lowest point: Indian Ocean 0m

Highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598m

Population:

1,049,700,118 (July 2003 est.)

Capital:

New Delhi

Government:

Federal Republic

Language:

Hindi and English are the most widely spoken languages, along with more than a dozen or so regional dialects

 
Top
Overview
The magnificent Taj MahalThe birthplace of both the Hindu and Buddhist religions and one of the world's oldest civilizations, India is a country steeped in history.
 
This vast and varied country is blessed with a treasure-trove of stunning sites both natural and man-made. The majestic Taj Mahal, the shore temples of Mamallapuram, the mighty Himalayan Mountains, and the golden beaches of Goa - to name but a few.
 

Indeed, India truly is a country of contrasts. From ancient opulent palaces to filthy slums, from the young, rich socialites of Delhi to the street kids and beggars of Mumbai, from stunning mountain scenery to overcrowded cities - you will either love it or hate it!

Top

Brief History

The beginning of recorded history on the Indian sub-continent came in around 2,500BC with the rise of a civilization based around the Indus River valley, in modern day Pakistan. Although little remains today of this early civilisation, it covered an area of just under one and a half million square miles, which is considerably larger than modern day Pakistan. The excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro - two massive walled cities each measuring nearly a mile in diameter - reveal a highly organised, and advanced society based on agriculture and international trade. The weaving of cotton and wool is believed to have originated here in around 2,000BC, and trade relations extended from Mesopotamia in the west to Tibet in the east. The Indus Valley civilisation flourished for about 1,000 years before finally succumbing to social stagnation and the environment. It is thought that a large change in the course of the Indus River resulted in a series of disastrous floods. Read more...

Top
Highlights
    • Delhi - bustling, noisy, overcrowded capital of India
    • Agra - the beautiful Taj Mahal and Red Fort
    • Rajasthan - desert, palaces and forts of Jaipur, lakes of Udaipur
    • Amritsar - Golden Temple
    • Khajuraho - large collection of erotically carved temples
    • Varanasi - the river Ganges lined by numerous Ghats
    • Goa - Idyllic, sandy beaches and a laid-back hippy culture
Top
India mapGeography
India is comprised of a vast, fertile central plain with hilly ranges to the south and the Thar desert to the west. To the north lie the Himalayan mountains a vast mountain range which separates India from China. Rising from the Himalayas, are the three great rivers of India, the Ganges, the Indus, and the Brahmaputra.
Top
Climate
In the Himalayas the weather is cold, snowy and wet during winter and very hot during the height of the summer. Bring both light and warm clothing if visiting in summer and heavier clothing if visiting during winter.
 
Between Punjab in the West and Calcutta in the east the weather is a mixture of extremes. In the east, from March to June, expect hot and thundery weather followed by the monsoon season with brings very high humidity.
 
In the west where desert conditions prevails expect drier summers and winters that are sunny by day and chilly by night.
 
In the south temperatures steadily rise from February through to June when the monsoons start to sweep up from the southwest. The monsoon rains are heaviest in July and can linger through until November. Temperatures remain warm until February when they start to rise again.
 
Bring light clothes if visiting in summer, waterproofs if travelling to the east region or during the monsoon period, and warmer clothes if visiting in winter.
 

Click for New Delhi, India Forecast

New_Delhi

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Rain (mm)

23

18

13

8

13

74

180

173

117

10

3

10

Sun (hrs)

7

9

8

9

8

6

6

6

7

9

10

9

Temp (Max)

21

24

31

36

41

39

36

34

34

34

29

23

Temp (Min)

7

9

14

20

26

28

27

26

24

18

11

8

Days of Rain*

2

3

3

2

3

6

13

12

6

2

1

2

Hum (%)

41

35

23

19

20

36

59

64

51

32

31

42

 

Click for Kolkata (Calcutta), India Forecast

Kolkata

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Rain (mm)

10

31

36

43

140

297

325

328

252

114

20

5

Sun (hrs)

8

9

9

9

8

5

4

4

5

7

8

8

Temp (Max)

27

29

34

36

36

33

32

32

32

32

29

26

Temp (Min)

13

15

21

24

25

26

26

26

26

24

18

13

Days of Rain*

1

2

3

5

9

15

21

20

16

8

2

1

Hum (%)

52

45

46

56

62

75

80

82

81

72

63

55

 

Click for Bombay, India Forecast

Mumbai

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Rain (mm)

3

3

3

0

18

485

617

340

264

64

13

3

Sun (hrs)

9

10

9

10

10

5

2

3

5

8

9

9

Temp (Max)

28

28

30

32

33

32

29

29

29

32

32

31

Temp (Min)

19

19

22

24

27

26

25

24

24

24

23

21

Days of Rain*

0

0

0

1

1

17

25

25

15

5

2

1

Hum (%)

61

62

65

67

68

77

83

81

81

71

64

62

 

Click for Chennai (Madras), India Forecast

Chennai

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Rain (mm)

36

10

8

15

25

48

91

117

119

305

356

140

Sun (hrs)

9

10

10

10

9

7

5

6

7

7

7

7

Temp (Max)

29

31

33

35

38

38

36

35

34

32

29

29

Temp (Min)

19

20

22

26

28

27

26

26

25

24

22

21

Days of Rain*

2

1

0

1

2

8

10

11

10

12

12

7

Hum (%)

67

66

67

72

67

61

62

66

70

75

75

72

 
* denotes number of days with at least 1.0 mm of rainfall
Top
Currency

Indian rupee (Rs)

1 US$ = 45 Rs

1 UK£ = 81 Rs

 
Common coins
  • 1 Rs
  • 2 Rs
  • 5 Rs
Common notes
  • 1 Rs
  • 2 Rs
  • 5 Rs
  • 10 Rs
  • 20 Rs
  • 50 Rs
  • 100 Rs
  • 500 Rs

NB changing larger notes can sometimes be difficult in small villages.

 
Money can be changed at any bank, exchange kiosk or hotel (lowest rate). Banks are open from 10am to 2pm on weekdays, but special foreign exchange sections may be open outside normal banking hours. Traveller’s cheques are widely accepted but will entail a service charge, usually per cheque. ATM’s are common and accept all major credit/debit cards. Credit cards are also widely accepted, with Visa and MasterCard being the most popular. Cash advances are also available at banks and exchange kiosks. No black market exists in India.
Top
Holidays

New Year's Day

-

1 st January

Republic Day

-

26 th January

Eid ul Zuha or Adha*

-

2 nd February (2004)
Maha Shivaratri

-

February/March

Holi (coloured water and powder festival)

-

Februray/March

Sri Rama Navami

-

March/April

Good Friday

-

March/April

Milad un Nabi (The Prophet's Birthday)*

-

2 nd May (2004)
Buddha Jayanti

-

May/June

Independence Day

-

15 th August

Mahatma Gandhi's Birthday

-

2 nd October

Dassera

-

September/October

Diwali (Deepavali)

-

October/November

Eid ul Fitr (end of Ramadan)*

-

14 th November (2004)

Guru Nanak's Birthday

-

November/December

Christmas Day

-

25 th December

 
For exact dates of holidays and festivals for the coming year please click here
 
*These Muslim festivals have no fixed dates and generally fall about 11 days earlier each year
 
NB Banks and government offices are closed during public holidays.
 
Most Hindu festivals follow the Indian lunar calendar and therefore change from year to year when using the Gregorian calendar.
 
There are also numerous regional holidays, festivals and fairs throughout the year.
Top
Religion
Hindu 80%, Muslim 14%, Christian 2.4%, Sikh 2%, Buddhist 0.7%, Jains 0.5%, other 0.4%.
Top
Vaccinations
Recommended vaccinations and other health protection measures vary and are subject to change. You must consult your GP on current vaccinations needed for your destination. You can also visit our travel health website at:
 

TravelHealthZone

 

This has links to up-to-date information on vaccination requirements as well as much more general travel health information and advice.
 
For direct, up-to-date information on vaccination requirements for India please click here
Top
Customs
  • Always take your shoes off before entering a temple and remember to dress conservatively, shorts are not allowed, and never touch carvings or statues of deities. You may also be required to remove leather items such as belts and bags. When visiting Buddhist temples always walk around them in a clockwise direction.
  • Indian women are generally conservative and should not be touch without their consent. Public shows of intimacy are considered inappropriate and, except on the beach, you should try to dress conservatively wherever possible.
  • The feet are considered as unclean and should not be used to point to things or to touch someone with. Try not to touch the head, as this is also considered rude.
  • Always use your right hand for communal eating and other social interaction as the left hand is reserved for toilet duties. If you have been invited into a local's house to dine, always remove your shoes before entering and wash your hands before eating.
  • Tipping is usually expected in restaurants and should be around 5-10% of the meal. Tipping for services is dependant on the service provided, and how well it is performed - 20Rs or less is normally fine. Remember; if you are not happy with the service don't tip.
  • Haggling is an integral part of Indian life. You should expect to haggle for just about everything, but for the best results do so with a smile and a light-hearted approach. Always be wary of street sellers, as what they sell may not always be what you think it is.
  • Be considerate when taking photographs. Avoid taking photos of religious ceremonies, funerals, and people bathing as this is most likely to cause offence. Always ask permission before taking pictures of people and try to avoid flash photography inside temples and around light-sensitive paintings or artwork.
Top
Security
Over 400,000 British tourists visit India every year and the vast majority of these visits are trouble-free. The most common form of crime against tourists is theft, usually by stealth rather than violence, so visitors should take care to secure their personal possessions at all times. In more remote areas the risk of muggings and robberies does exist but again is very low.
 
The Golden Temple, AmritsarMost of India is safe to visit with the following exceptions: - Jammu and Kashmir, the line of control between India and Pakistan (not Jaisalmer & Amritsar), and northern West Bengal and Assam bordering Bhutan (including the Manas Wildlife Reserve) - it is advised against travelling to these areas due to the unstable military situation there.
 
There is a small ongoing risk of terrorism. Though not aimed at tourists you should remain vigilant around government buildings, main tourist destinations and at public events.
 
For more specific, up-to-date security information and how this may affect your tour, please visit our regional security page.
Top
Visas
Most foreign nationals require a visa, which must be obtained from an Indian embassy prior to departure. The visa is usually valid for up to 6 months before entry into the country and for a stay of up to 6 months. The cost is UK£30for a multi-entry visa.
 
You cannot extend your visa whilst still in India or whilst it is still valid.
Top
Flights (from the UK)
Return - UK£300to UK£350using the cheapest air carriers (usually the Gulf airlines and with a short stopover).


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